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What are the main components of a plant cell carrier?

Plant cell vectors are usually made up of two parts: plasmids and genes. Plasmids are self-replicating DNA molecules that are stable in plant cells and express specific genes. A gene is a piece of DNA that controls a specific trait and can be stably expressed in plant cells by inserting it into a plasmid. The most commonly used plasmids in plasmid vector system are Ti plasmid and Ri plasmid. The Ti plasmid is present in the Agrobacterium tumefaciens and the Ri plasmid is present in Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Ti plasmid and Ri plasmid have many similarities in structure and function, and have the same characteristics. In practice, most of Ti plasmids are used.